Diel diving behavior of breeding gentoo penguins on King George Island in Antarctica
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- Title
- Diel diving behavior of breeding gentoo penguins on King George Island in Antarctica
- Authors
- Lee, Won Young
Kokubun, Nobuo
Jung, Jin-Woo
Chung, Hosung
Kim, Jeong-Hoon
- Subject
- Cell Biology; Zoology
- Keywords
- Bio-logging; Diving behavior; Foraging behavior; Gentoo penguin(Pygoscelis papua); Pygoscelis papua
- Issue Date
- 2014
- Citation
- Lee, Won Young., et al. 2014. Diel diving behavior of breeding gentoo penguins on King George Island in Antarctica.Animal Cells and Systems, 19(4): 274-281.
- Abstract
- Many marine birds dive to catch prey in water. The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), a specialized diving seabird that
preys on krill and fish, is distributed from the sub-Antarctic islands to Antarctic regions. Here, we observed the diving
behavior of breeding gentoo penguins on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Using a time?depth
recorder, we collected diving depths every second from seven gentoo breeders for 5?21 days during the chick-rearing
period and analyzed their diving characteristics. Most dives occurred in shallow water, although the dive efficiency
(=bottom duration time/[dive duration + post-dive surface time]) was highest at depths of 30?35 m and decreased as the
penguins dove deeper. Gentoo penguins did not dive more frequently during the day than at night, but during nighttime,
most dives occurred in shallow water (<20 m) and the dive efficiency was also higher at this time. As penguins repeated
their foraging trips, the number of dives, depth of dives, and trip duration did not change significantly. Our results
suggest that the diel dive patterns of gentoo penguins might be related to the vertical migration of krill (upward to the
surface at night). In addition, we observed that gentoo penguins could perform active diving behavior even at night,
possibly aided by civil twilight during the chick-rearing period in Antarctic regions.
- DOI
- 10.1080/19768354.2015.1074107
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