https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/15777 2026-04-07T04:42:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/16503 Title: Review of Recent Polar Climate Change and Its Impact Authors: Kim, Seong-Joong; Chung, Eui-Seok Abstract: Since the Industrial Revolution, the global average temperature has risen by 1.09℃, which is an unprecedented rate over the past several millenia. Arctic warming is occurring at a faster rate than the global average by three to four times. This rapid warming in the Arctic compared to the global average is called Arctic amplification. Arctic warming is contributing to the rapid decline of sea ice and glaciers. Delayed sea ice formation in autumn and winter strengthens high and low pressure systems in mid-latitudes as well as weakening the polar vortex, that intensifies cold and heat waves in mid-latitudes. In contrast to the Arctic, Antarctica exhibits distinct temperature changes. West Antarctica had warmed rapidly and experienced a decline in sea ice and ice sheets by around 2012, whereas East Antarctica had experienced a decline in temperature and an increase in sea ice and land ice. The decrease in temperature and increase in sea ice in Antarctica are linked to declining stratospheric ozone concentrations and appear to have resulted in part from low-latitude effects. However, since the early 2010s, temperatures have increased in all areas, and sea ice has decreased, indicating a possible shift in the Antarctic climate change regime. This study examines the causes of the different responses of the Arctic and Antarctic to increasing greenhouse gases.; 산업혁명 이후 전 지구 평균 기온은 1.09℃ 상승하였으며, 이는 지난 수천 년 동안 전례가 없는 속도이다. 북극 지역의 온난화는 전 지구 평균보다 3~4배 빠르게 진행되고 있으며, 이러한 현 상을 북극 온난화 증폭이라 한다. 북극의 급격한 온난화는 해빙과 빙하의 빠른 감소에 기여하고 있 다. 가을과 겨울철 해빙 형성의 지연은 중위도 지역의 고기압과 저기압계를 강화하고 극 소용돌이를 약화시켜, 중위도 지역에서 한파와 폭염을 더욱 심화시킨다. 북극과는 대조적으로 남극에서는 상이한 기온 변화 양상이 나타나고 있다. 서남극은 약 2012년까지 급격한 온난화를 겪으며 해빙과 빙상의 감소를 경험한 반면, 동남극은 기온 하강과 함께 해빙 및 육상빙의 증가를 보였다. 남극에서의 기온 감소와 해빙 증가는 성층권 오존 농도의 감소와 관련이 있으며, 이는 부분적으로 저위도 영향에 기 인한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 2010년대 초 이후에는 모든 남극 지역에서 기온이 상승하고 해빙이 감 소하는 경향이 나타나, 남극 기후 변화 체제가 전환되고 있을 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 온실가 스 증가에 대한 북극과 남극의 상이한 반응 원인을 규명하고자 한다. 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/16595 Title: Combined Influence of IPO and AAO on Dust Events in South America Authors: Cuicui Shi; Rui Mao; Kim, Seong-Joong; Dao-Yi Gong; Jingfang Fan; Xuechen Dong Abstract: Southern South America is an important dust source to Antarctica. However, there is a lack of overall understanding of the dust event variation in recent decades in South America. Here, we analyzed variations in the dust frequency in southern South America (south of 208S) from 1986 to 2020 and its causes with large-scale climatic factors, based on observational station data and reanalysis data. During the austral spring and summer, several stations recorded an average dust frequency exceeding 15 days, with some even surpassing 20 days. The frequency of dust events in spring exhibited a strong association with large-scale climate factors. Negative phases of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) were more likely to lead to an increase in the dust frequency in southern South America. The negative IPO had a greater impact on the Patagonia dust (south of 408S), resulted from a decrease in the drought index under the influence of downward motion. However, the negative AAO had a greater impact on the dust in South America over 208？408S by increasing strong wind frequency and decreasing the drought index over there. On longer time scales, model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) also confirmed the combined influence of the negative IPO and negative AAO phases on southern South American dust. 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/16596 Title: Impact of strong katabatic wind event variability on sea ice dynamics in Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica Authors: Yuanyuan Xu; Rui Mao; Kim, Seong-Joong; Minghu Ding; Daoyi Gong Abstract: Polynyas along the Antarctic coastline are essential for sea ice production and the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). They are formed and maintained by strong and persistent katabatic winds that push the ice away from the coast. Satellite data, in-situ meteorological observations and Reanalysis datasets all indicate a decline in sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP) from 2013 to 2022, consistent with the occurrence of an increasing trend of strong katabatic wind events (SKWEs). On the interannual timescale, significant correlations between the TNBP area and the duration of SKWEs were observed in austral summer, autumn and winter, and also in April and October during 2003？2022. Sea ice volume budget analysis shows that SKWEs drive rapid sea-ice removal through advection and divergence, whereas thermodynamic processes dominate sea ice formation on an annual basis. The increase in SKWEs was associated with a deepened and southwestward-displaced Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) and an enhanced pressure gradient between the interior plateau and the coast, both potentially linked to a more positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM). These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of long-term polynya variability, with implications for regional sea-ice changes and AABW. 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/16599 Title: The Influence of Australian Bushfire on the Upper Tropospheric CO and Hydrocarbon Distribution in the South Pacific Authors: Lee, Donghee; Kim, Jin-Soo; Kaley Walker; Patrick Sheese; Park, Sang Seo; Choi, Taejin; Park, Minju; Song, Hwan-Jin; Koo, Ja-Ho Abstract: To determine the long-term effect of Australian bushfires on the upper tropospheric composition in the South Pacific, we investigated the variation in CO and hydrocarbon species in the South Pacific according to the extent of Australian bushfires (2004？2020). We conducted analyses using satellite data on hydrocarbon and CO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and on fire (fire count, burned area, and fire radiative power) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Additionally, we compared the effects of bushfires between Northern and Southeastern Australia (N_Aus and SE_Aus, respectively). Our analyses show that Australian bushfires in austral spring (September to November) result in the largest increase in CO and hydrocarbon species in the South Pacific and even in the west of South America, indicating the trans-Pacific transport of smoke plumes. In addition to HCN (a well-known wildfire indicator), CO and other hydrocarbon species (C2H2, C2H6, CH3OH, HCOOH) are also considerably increased by Australian bushfires. A unique finding in this study is that the hydrocarbon increase in the South Pacific mostly relates to the bushfires in N_Aus, implying that we need to be more vigilant of bushfires in N_Aus, although the severe Australian bushfire in 2019？2020 occurred in SE_Aus. Due to the surface conditions in springtime, bushfires on grassland in N_Aus during this time account for most Australian bushfires. All results show that satellite data enables us to assess the long-term effect of bushfires on the air composition over remote areas not having surface monitoring platforms. 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z