https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11562 Sun, 08 Mar 2026 04:55:18 GMT 2026-03-08T04:55:18Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11849 Title: Individual Human Recognition of Wild Animals: A Review and a Case Study in the Arctic Environment Authors: Lee, Won Young; Choe, Jae Chun Abstract: Recent studies revealed that many animals identify individual humans. In this account, we review previous literatures on individual human recognition by wild or domestic animals and discuss the three hypotheses: “high cognitive abilities” hypothesis, “close human contact” and “pre-exposure to stimuli” hypothesis. The three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Close human contact hypothesis is an ultimate explanation for adaptive benefits whereas high cognitive abilities and pre-exposure to stimuli hypothesis are proximate explanations for mechanisms to perform such discriminatory behaviour. We report a case study of two bird species in a human-free habitat. Long-tailed skuas, which are known for having high cognitive abilities, exhibited the human discriminatory abilities whereas ruddy turnstones did not display such abilities toward approaching humans. This suggests that highly intelligent species may have this type of discriminatory ability so that they could learn to identify individual humans quickly by pre-exposure to stimuli, even in a human-free habitat. Here, we discuss that human recognition is more common in species with rapid learning ability and it could develop for a short period of time between an intelligent species and human. Thu, 01 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11849 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11967 Title: Integrative description of a new Dactylobiotus (Eutardigrada: Parachela) from Antarctica that reveals an intraspecific variation in tardigrade egg morphology Authors: Kim, Ji-Hoon; Kim, Sanghee; McInnes, Sandra J.; Zawierucha, Krzysztof; Rho, Hyun Soo; Kang, Pil-Mo; Park, Tae-Yoon S. Abstract: Tardigrades constitute one of the most important group in the challenging Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. Living in various habitats, tardigrades play major roles as consumers and decomposers in the trophic networks of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater environments; yet we still know little about their biodiversity. The Eutardigrada is a species rich class, for which the eggshell morphology is one of the key morphological characters. Tardigrade egg morphology shows a diverse appearance, and it is known that, despite rare, intraspecific variation is caused by seasonality, epigenetics, and external environmental conditions. Here we report Dactylobiotus ovimutans sp. nov. from King George Island, Antarctica. Interestingly, we observed a range of eggshell morphologies from the new species, although the population was cultured under controlled laboratory condition. Thus, seasonality, environmental conditions, and food source are eliminated, leaving an epigenetic factor as a main cause for variability in this case. Mon, 01 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11967 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11977 Title: Interspecific comparison of the fecal microbiota structure in three Arctic migratory bird species Authors: Cho, Hyunjun; Lee, Won Young Abstract: The gut microbiota of birds is known to be characterized for different species, although it may change with feeding items. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of birds with different feeding behaviors in the same habitat. We collected fecal samples from three Arctic species, snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis, sanderlings Calidris alba, and pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus that are phylogenetically quite distant in different families to evaluate effects of diet on gut microbiota. Also, we characterized the prevalence of fecal bacteria using the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our NMDS results showed that fecal bacteria of snow buntings and sanderlings were significantly distant from those of pink-footed geese. Although all three birds were occupied by three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, dominant taxa still varied among the species. Our bacterial sequences showed that snow buntings and sanderlings were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while pink-footed geese were dominated by Proteobacteria. In addition, the bacterial diversity in snow buntings and sanderlings was significantly higher than that in pink-footed geese. Our results suggest that insectivorous feeding diet of snow buntings and sanderlings could be responsible for the similar bacterial communities between the two species despite the distant phylogenetic relationship. The distinctive bacterial community in pink-footed geese was discussed to be related with their herbivorous diet. Mon, 01 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/11977 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/12417 Title: Study on early animal evolution and Cambrian explosion in the Greenland Authors: Lee, Mirinae; Park, Tae-Yoon S. Abstract: 약 5억 년 전에 시작된 ‘캄브리아기 생명 대폭발’은 초기 생물들의 다양성을 큰 폭으로 증가시킨 지질학적 사건으로, 이후 화석 기록에서의 생물들은 캄브리아기 이전과는 달리 형태학 및 생태학적으로 복잡한 형태를 보이게 된다. 초기 생명의 진화 연구는 고생물학뿐 아니라 대중의 관심과 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 주제이며 90년대 이후 버제스 셰일을 비롯한 세계 각국의 캄브리아기 지층에서 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 캄브리아기 보존화석산지 중 하나인 Sirius Passet은 북위 82도로 지구상에서 최북단 육상지역인 북그린란드에 위치하며 북극점에서 불과 800km밖에 떨어져 있지 않은 미답 지역이다. Sirius Passet은 일반적인 화석의 보존 방식과는 달리, 생물의 경질부뿐 아니라 연질부도 보존되어 있어 초기 생물의 형태를 추정하기에 용이하다. 또한 북그린란드 및 동그린란드 일대에 노출된 캄브리아기 탄산염 퇴적층에서는 캄브리아기 생물의 외골격 파편들이 인산염으로 치환된 ‘작은 껍질 동물군’들이 다수 산출되어, 당시 생물들의 외형적 특징을 짐작케 하는 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 그린란드에서 획득한 화석 데이터 연구를 통해 캄브리아기 생물들의 초기 진화가 어떠한 방식으로 진행되었는지를 재구성할 수 있는 토대가 마련될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.kopri.re.kr/handle/201206/12417 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z