Total Syntheses of Lobaric Acid and Its Derivatives from the Antarctic Lichen Stereocaulon alpinum

Abstract

The first total syntheses of the natural products lobaric acid and its derivatives isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Stereocaulon alpinum are reported in this study. Lobarin with a pseudodepsidone structure was synthesized first in 11 steps by utilizing an Ullmann aryl ether coupling reaction and lobaric acid was synthesized in an additional three steps by a seven-membered lactonization reaction. Various derivatives were also obtained from the prepared lobaric acid, and the synthetic compounds exhibited significant PTP1B inhibitory activities.