Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents and MMP-1 Inhibitory Effects of the Two Antarctic Fish, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari

Abstract

Total fatty acid (FA) contents of different organs (stomach, liver, brain and skin) of the 20 two Antarctic fish, marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii) and makerel icefish (Champsocephalus gun-21 nari), were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). N. rossii possessed 22 higher contents of total omega-3, where eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid 23 (DHA), the most represented omega-3 FA, were distributed throughout all parts of the fish. The 24 highest level of EPA was observed in skin and that of DHA in brain of N. rossii. C. gunnari showed 25 organ peculiarity in that most of omega-3 were found in stomach and skin. Specifically, the highest 26 levels of EPA and DHA were both observed in stomach. Although N. rossii and C. gunnari both 27 inhabit the Antarctic Southern Oceans, their characteristics in composition of fatty acids were shown 28 to vary. The extracts were also evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory activi-29 ties in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts, where extracts of skin and liver of N. rossii showed 30 the most significant inhibition upon MMP-1 production. These findings provide experimental evi-31 dence that the extracts of the Antarctic fish could be utilized as bioactive nutrients, particularly in 32 the enhancement of skin health.