Exploring micropollutants in polar environments based on non-target analysis using LC-HRMS

Abstract

The routine use of chemicals in polar regions contributes to unexpected occurrence of micropollutants, with sewage discharge as a prominent pollution source. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify micropollutants in polar environments near potential point sources using non-target analysis (NTA) with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Seawater samples were collected from Ny-& Aring;lesund, Svalbard and Marian Cove, King George Island, in 2023. We tentatively identified 32 compounds with NTA, along with 105 homologous series substances. Of these, 18 substances were confirmed, and 13 were quantified using the internal standard method. Most quantified substances in the Ny-& Aring;lesund, including caffeine, naproxen, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs), exhibited concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 770,000 ng/L. In Marian Cove, the analysis predominantly detected acetaminophen, with concentrations ranging from 13 to 35 ng/L. The findings underscore the presence and spatial distribution of emerging micropollutants resulting from wastewater discharge in polar regions.