Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in soils and lichens from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Abstract

The levels and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were analyzed in fourteen soil and eight lichen (Usnea aurantiaco-atra) samples from King George Island, West Antarctica. A total of 32 PCB congeners were found in five soil samples collected in 2006, and the mean concentration of total PCBs was 20.4 pg/g dry weight (range, 8.0？33.8 pg/g dry weight). The most abundant PCB isomers in soil samples were di-, tri-, and penta-CBs, which accounted for more than 75% of the total residues. Twelve dioxin-like PCBs were also detected in nine soil and eight lichen samples, and the levels of dioxin-like PCBs were 5-fold higher in lichens than in soil. PCBs were detected at very low levels in most soil and lichen samples. The highest congener concentrations were found for PCB 118 (6.63 and 21.93 pg/g in soil and lichen, respectively) among dioxin-like PCBs. PCB levels in air samples were highly correlated with those in soil and lichen samples, as were PCB levels in soil and lichen samples collected at the same site. Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs on King George Island. However, PCB levels in soil and lichen samples were also apparently influenced by local sources of PCBs.