Recent carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea

Abstract

Cruises to Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea in US waters from late June in 2002 to early September in 2004 and the Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) research cruise in 2004 covered all major water masses and contributed to a better understanding of the regional physics, nutrient dynamics, and biological systems. The integrated concentration of the high nitrate pool in the central Chukchi Sea was greater in this study than in previous studies although the highest nitrate concentration (~ 22 ？M) in the Anadyr Water mass passing through the western side of Bering Strait was consistent with prior observations. The chlorophyll-a concentrations near the western side of the Diomede Islands ranged from 200 to 400 mg chl-a m-2 and the range in the central Chukchi Sea was 200 to 500 mg chl-a m-2 for the 2002-2004 Alpha Helix (HX) cruises. Chlorophyll-a concentrations for the 2004 RUSALCA cruise were lower than those from previous studies. The mean annual primary production of phytoplankton from this study, using a 13C-15N dual isotope technique, was 55 g C m-2 for the whole Chukchi Sea and 145 g C m-2 for the plume of Anadyr-Bering Shelf Water in the central Chukchi Sea. In contrast, the averages of annual total nitrogen production were 13.9 g N m-2 (S.D. = ± 16.2 g N m-2) and 33.8 g N m-2 (S.D. = ± 14.1 g N m-2) for the Chukchi Sea and the plume, respectively. These carbon and nitrogen production rates of phytoplankton were consistently 2 or 3 fold lower than those from previous studies. We suggest that the lower rates in this study, and consequently more unused nitrate in the water column, were caused by lower phytoplankton biomass in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea. However, we do not know if the lower rate of production from this study is a general decreasing trend or simply temporal variations in the Chukchi Sea, since temporal and geographical variations are substantially large and presently unpredictable.